Visa-free & visa-on-arrivalAbout 145 destinations
Schengen AreaVisa-free, under EU review
United KingdomVisa required since 19 Jul 2023
ChinaVisa-free
United States & CanadaVisa required
How it is obtainedCitizenship by investment, from USD 200,000
01

Where the Dominica passport takes you

Quick answer

The Dominica passport carries visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to around 145 destinations, 26th on the Henley Passport Index. It includes the Schengen Area, China, Russia, Brazil, Singapore and Hong Kong. It does not include the United States, Canada or Australia, and since 19 July 2023 it has not included the United Kingdom, which imposed a visa requirement citing the citizenship programme. It is the cheapest of the five Caribbean passports, and the only one of the five without UK access.

Henley's 2026 index puts Dominica at 145 destinations, ranked 26th; our own list below, which counts territories as well as countries, comes to 153 entries without a visa in advance (119 visa-free, 32 on arrival, 2 with an eTA) and 44 that require a visa. Counts differ between passport indices because each treats territories, transit rules and visa-on-arrival categories differently. Treat any single number, ours included, as a snapshot: access is granted bilaterally and can be withdrawn without notice, as the section on what changed shows.

02

What it opens, and what it does not

Europe

The Schengen Area as a whole, plus Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Netherlands.

Asia & the Gulf

Visa-free or eTA: Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, China, Malaysia, Philippines. On arrival or eVisa: Thailand, India, United Arab Emirates, Qatar.

The Americas

Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica, Peru.

Africa

Kenya, Egypt, Mauritius, Tanzania, Rwanda.

Not included

The United Kingdom, the United States, Canada and Australia. The UK loss is the one that matters: it is the difference between Dominica and the other four Caribbean passports, and it happened for the same reason the EU is now reviewing all five.

03

The full list, by region

Every destination, sorted by region, with the type of access and the permitted stay. Visa-free means you board with the passport alone; visa on arrival and eTA mean a fee or an online form, not a consulate; eVisa means an application in advance, online; visa required means a consulate. Notable destinations that still require a visa: United Kingdom, Ireland, United States, Canada, Mexico, Japan, Indonesia, Turkey.

Visa-free Visa on arrival eTA eVisa Visa required

Europe 43 visa-free · 1 eVisa · 3 visa required

DestinationAccessStayNotes
AlbaniaeVisaVisa not required for holders of a multiple entry visa issued by the US, if having used the visa to enter the US at least once, for a maximum stay of 90 days. The maximum stay allowed under visa exemptions is granted wit
AndorraVisa-free
Austria SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
BelarusVisa-free30 daysMust arrive and depart via Minsk International Airport .
Belgium SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Bosnia and HerzegovinaVisa-free90 days
Bulgaria SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Croatia SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Czech Republic SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Denmark SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Estonia SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Faroe IslandsVisa-free
Finland SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
France SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Germany SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Greece SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Hungary SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Iceland SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
IrelandVisa required
Italy SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
KosovoVisa-free90 days
Latvia SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Liechtenstein SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Lithuania SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Luxembourg SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Malta SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
MoldovaVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period
MonacoVisa-free
MontenegroVisa-free90 days
Netherlands SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
North MacedoniaVisa requiredVisa not required for holders of a visa issued by Canada or USA. The visa must be valid for at least 5 days beyond the period of intended stay in North Macedonia. Visa exempt for a maximum stay of 15 days.
Norway SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Poland SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Portugal SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Romania SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
RussiaVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period
San MarinoVisa-free
SerbiaVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period
Slovakia SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Slovenia SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Spain SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Sweden SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
Switzerland SVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area
TransnistriaVisa-freeRegistration required after 24h.
UkraineVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period
United KingdomVisa required
Vatican CityVisa-free90 daysOpen borders but de facto follows Italian visa policy.

Americas 37 visa-free · 2 on arrival · 1 eVisa · 11 visa required

DestinationAccessStayNotes
AnguillaVisa-freeHolders of a valid visa issued by the United Kingdom do not require a visa.
Antigua and BarbudaVisa-freeFreedom of movement for OECS states; ID card valid
ArgentinaVisa-free90 days
ArubaVisa-free
BahamasVisa-free3 months
BarbadosVisa-free180 daysHolders of Caricom Certificate of Skills can stay indefinitely.
BelizeVisa-free6 monthsHolders of Caricom Certificate of Skills can stay indefinitely.
BermudaVisa required
BoliviaVisa on arrival90 days
BrazilVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period
British Virgin IslandsVisa-free1 month
CanadaVisa requiredVisa not required for US permanent resident card Holders.
Cayman IslandsVisa-free6 months
ChileeVisaVisa obtainable online
ColombiaVisa-free90 daysExtendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period
Costa RicaVisa-free30 days
CubaVisa-free28 days
CuraçaoVisa-free
Dominican RepublicVisa-free90 days
EcuadorVisa-free90 days
El SalvadorVisa requiredVisa not required for Holders of a valid visa issued by Canada, the USA or a Schengen Member State.
Falkland IslandsVisa required
French GuianaVisa-free
French West IndiesVisa-freeIncludes overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique and overseas collectivities of Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin .
GreenlandVisa-free
GrenadaVisa-freeFreedom of movement for OECS states; ID card valid
GuatemalaVisa requiredVisa not required for a max. stay of 90 days for holders of a valid visa issued by Canada, the USA or a Schengen Member.
GuyanaVisa-free6 monthsHolders of Caricom Certificate of Skills can stay indefinitely.
HaitiVisa-free3 months
HondurasVisa requiredVisa not required for holders of a visa valid for at least 6 months on arrival, issued by Canada, the USA or a Schengen Member State .
JamaicaVisa-free6 monthsHolders of Caricom Certificate of Skills can stay indefinitely.
MexicoVisa requiredVisa not required for holders of a visa issued by Canada, Japan, United States, United Kingdom or a Schengen Member State for a maximum stay of 180 days.
MontserratVisa-free6 months
NicaraguaVisa-free90 days
PanamaVisa-free90 days
ParaguayVisa requiredMay apply online
PeruVisa-free90 days
Puerto RicoVisa required
Saint Kitts and NevisVisa-freeFreedom of movement for OECS states; ID card valid
Saint LuciaVisa-freeFreedom of movement for OECS states; ID card valid
Saint Pierre and MiquelonVisa-free
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesVisa-freeFreedom of movement for OECS states; ID card valid
Sint MaartenVisa-free
South Georgia and the South Sandwich IslandsVisa on arrivalPre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling ).
SurinameVisa-free6 monthsHolders of Caricom Certificate of Skills can stay indefinitely.
Trinidad and TobagoVisa-free6 monthsHolders of Caricom Certificate of Skills can stay indefinitely.
Turks and Caicos IslandsVisa-freeHolders of a valid visa issued by Canada, United Kingdom or the USA do not require a visa for a maximum stay of 90 days.
U.S. Virgin IslandsVisa required
United StatesVisa required
UruguayVisa-free90 days
VenezuelaVisa-free90 days

Asia 14 visa-free · 10 on arrival · 2 eTA · 16 eVisa · 13 visa required

DestinationAccessStayNotes
AbkhaziaVisa required
AfghanistaneVisaVisa isn't required if born in Afghanistan or their parent is a national of Afghanistan or was born in Afghanistan. e-Visa : Visitors must arrive at Kabul International (KBL).
Akrotiri and DhekeliaVisa-freeStays longer than 28 days per 12-month period require a permit.
ArmeniaVisa on arrival120 daysObtainable on arrival at Zvartnots International Airport or prior to travel online. May obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 120 days at a cost of 15,000 AMD . May also obtain an e-Visa in advance
AzerbaijanVisa requiredHolding a residence visa issued by the United Arab Emirates may obtain a 30-day tourist visa on arrival in Azerbaijan. They must present their valid visa or residence permit along with their passport
BahraineVisa
BangladeshVisa on arrival30 daysNot available at all entry points.
BhutaneVisaApplicants can independently obtain an e-Visa whose duration of stay is 90 days. Visa fee is 40 USD per person (nonrefundable). Visa application may be processed within 5 business days. e-Visa applicant is also subject t
BruneiVisa required
CambodiaVisa on arrival30 daysVisa obtainable online.
ChinaVisa-free30 daysVisa-free agreement signed with China in effect from 19 Sep 2022.
CyprusVisa-free90 days90 days within any 180 day period
GeorgiaVisa-free90 days90 days per 180 days period
Hong KongVisa-free90 days
IndiaeVisa60 dayse-Visa holders must arrive via 32 designated airports or 5 designated seaports. An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year. Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport
IndonesiaVisa required
IranVisa on arrival30 daysArriving at Kish (KIH) or Qeshm (GSM) do not need a visa for a maximum of 14 days. Can obtain a visa on arrival at Mashhad International Airport (MHD), Tehran International Airport (IKA), Tabriz International Airport (TB
IraqeVisa
IsraeleTA3 monthsNon-Ordinary passports require a visa
JapanVisa requiredHolders of a residence permit in Australia , Brazil , Cambodia , Canada , India , Saudi Arabia , Singapore , South Africa , Taiwan , United Arab Emirates , United Kingdom , United States . can apply for a single entry e-
JordanVisa on arrival30 daysConditions apply. Not available at all entry points.
KazakhstaneVisa
KuwaitVisa requirede-Visa can be obtained for holders of a Residence Permit issued by a GCC member state
KyrgyzstaneVisaElectronic visa holders must arrive via Manas International Airport or Osh Airport or through land crossings with China (at Irkeshtam and Torugart ), Kazakhstan (at Ak-jol , Ak-Tilek , Chaldybar , Chon-Kapka ), Tajikista
LaosVisa on arrival30 days18 of the 33 border crossings are only open to regular visa holders. e-Visa may be used to enter Laos through the Luang Prabang , Pakse and Vientiane international airports, 3 Thai-Lao Friendship Bridges , in Boten (road
LebanonVisa requiredHolding a residence permit issued by a GCC Member State on which the profession of businessmen, managers, company owners, doctors, engineers and lawyers is stated, can obtain a visa upon arrival at Beirut (BEY) Beirut In
MacauVisa-free90 days
MalaysiaVisa-free30 days
MaldivesVisa on arrival30 days
MongoliaeVisa
MyanmarVisa required
NepalVisa on arrival90 days
North KoreaVisa required
Northern CyprusVisa-free
OmaneVisaHolders of a GCC state resident permit can get a 28 days visa on arrival that costs 5 Omani Riyals.
PakistaneVisa90 daysIssued free of charge as of August 2024.
PalestineVisa-freeArrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.
PhilippinesVisa-free30 days
QatareVisa90 days
Saudi ArabiaVisa requiredResidents of GCC countries can apply for Saudi e-Visas online and residents of the United States , United Kingdom and European Union may apply for a visa on arrival
SingaporeVisa-free30 days
South KoreaeTA90 daysKorean electronic travel authorization for 2 years.
South OssetiaVisa-freeMultiple entry visa to Russia and three day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.
Sri LankaVisa on arrival30 daysThe standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6-month period. Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa): SAARC - USD 35 Non SAARC - USD 75 e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee
SyriaeVisa
TaiwaneVisa
TajikistanVisa-free90 days
ThailandeVisa30 days
Timor-LesteVisa on arrival30 daysNot available at all entry points.
TurkeyVisa required
TurkmenistanVisa requiredEligible for a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 10 days if having a letter of invitation issued by a company registered in Turkmenistan and approved by the Foreign Ministry .
United Arab EmirateseVisaMay obtain a visa online through Smart Service
UzbekistanVisa-free30 days
VietnameVisa90 daysPhú Quốc without a visa for up to 30 days.
YemenVisa requiredDominican Citizens of Yemeni origin with a Yemeni identification document or proof of Yemeni origin do not need a visa.

Africa 15 visa-free · 14 on arrival · 21 eVisa · 9 visa required

DestinationAccessStayNotes
AlgeriaVisa requiredTourists to cities in the south of Algeria (Timimoun, Ghardaia, Ilizi, Djanet or Tamanraset) can obtain a visa upon arrival for a maximum of 30 days, but must have a return/onward ticket and a hotel reservation confirmat
AngolaeVisa
Ascension IslandeVisa3 months within any year period
BeninVisa-free90 daysMust have an international vaccination certificate.
BotswanaVisa-free90 days90 days within any year period
British Indian Ocean TerritoryVisa on arrivalSpecial permit required.
Burkina FasoeVisa
BurundiVisa on arrival
CamerooneVisa
Cape VerdeVisa on arrivalNot available at all entry points. Requirement to register online 5 days before arrival. Also pay the airport security fee of CVE 3400 either online or on arrival.
Central African RepublicVisa required
ChadeVisa
ComorosVisa on arrival45 days
Côte d'IvoireeVisa90 dayse-Visa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport .
Democratic Republic of the CongoeVisa7 days
DjiboutiVisa on arrival31 days
EgyptVisa on arrival30 daysOn-arrival visa costs 25 USD for Single entry visa (Tourism).
Equatorial GuineaeVisaMust arrive via Malabo International Airport , processing fee 75 USD
EritreaVisa required
EswatiniVisa-free30 days
EthiopiaeVisaup to 90 dayseVisa holders must arrive via Addis Ababa Bole International Airport
GaboneVisaElectronic visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport .
GambiaVisa-free90 days
GhanaVisa-free60 daysMay transit without a visa or enter without a visa for up to 60 days per entry for business, tourism or family visits
GuineaeVisa90 days
Guinea-BissauVisa on arrival90 days
KenyaVisa-free90 days
LesothoVisa-free90 days
LiberiaeVisa
LibyaeVisa
MadagascarVisa on arrival90 days
MalawiVisa-free90 days
MaliVisa required
MauritaniaeVisa
MauritiusVisa-free180 days180 days per calendar for tourism, 120 days per calendar for business
MayotteVisa-free
MoroccoVisa requiredMay apply for an e-Visa if holding a valid visa or a residency document issued by one of the following countries: Schengen Area , Australia , Canada , Ireland , New Zealand , United Kingdom , United States a residency do
MozambiqueVisa on arrival30 daysConditions apply
NamibiaeVisa
NigerVisa required
NigeriaeVisa
Republic of the CongoVisa required
RwandaVisa-free30 days
RéunionVisa-free
SenegalVisa on arrival
SeychellesVisa on arrival3 monthsApplication submitted up to 30 days before travel
Sierra LeoneVisa on arrival
SomaliaeVisa30 days
SomalilandVisa on arrival30 days for 30 US dollars , payable on arrival.
South AfricaVisa required
South SudaneVisaObtainable online Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel
SudanVisa requiredCan obtain a visa upon arrival if married to a national of Sudan or prove that are of Sudanese origins from the father's side.
São Tomé and PríncipeeVisaVisa is obtained online.
TanzaniaVisa-free90 days
TogoeVisa15 days
TunisiaVisa-free
UgandaeVisaDetermined at the port of entry. May apply online.
ZambiaVisa-free90 days as tourists or 30 days for business
ZimbabweVisa on arrival30 days

Oceania 10 visa-free · 6 on arrival · 8 visa required

DestinationAccessStayNotes
American SamoaVisa required
AustraliaVisa requiredMay apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).
Cook IslandsVisa-free31 days
FijiVisa-free4 months
French PolynesiaVisa-free
GuamVisa required
KiribatiVisa-free90 days
Marshall IslandsVisa required
MicronesiaVisa-free30 days
NauruVisa requiredVisa Issuance: Passengers with an entry permit letter (visa letter) issued by Nauru. Applications can be submitted via email before departure
New CaledoniaVisa-free
New ZealandVisa requiredHolders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement ), subject to mee
NiueVisa-free30 days
Northern Mariana IslandsVisa required
PalauVisa on arrival30 days
Papua New GuineaVisa on arrival30 days
Pitcairn IslandsVisa-free14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.
SamoaVisa on arrival60 days
Solomon IslandsVisa on arrival3 months
TokelauVisa required
TongaVisa on arrival31 days
TuvaluVisa on arrival1 month
VanuatuVisa-free120 days
Wallis and FutunaVisa-free

236 destinations, countries and territories, sorted by region. S marks the Schengen Area, where one entry rule covers all members. Compiled on 21 September 2026 from the published entry requirements of each destination, as collated in Wikipedia's visa requirements table, each row of which cites its source. Rules change without notice: confirm with the destination's consulate before you book.

04

What changed, and what is under review

The United Kingdom, 19 July 2023

The UK imposed a visit visa requirement on Dominica nationals on 19 July 2023, on the same day as Vanuatu, Honduras, Namibia and Timor-Leste, stating that Dominica's citizenship-by-investment programme had granted citizenship to people who would otherwise have been refused entry. There is no Electronic Travel Authorisation route for Dominicans; it is a visa or nothing. Dominica reformed its programme afterwards, adding mandatory interviews and tighter due diligence, but the waiver has not been restored.

◇ Pages that list the United Kingdom as visa-free on a Dominica passport are describing 2022. It is the one bloc that separates Dominica from the other four Caribbean programmes, and it is why the programme is the cheapest of the five.

Schengen: ETIAS is coming

The EU's ETIAS pre-travel authorisation for visa-exempt nationals is scheduled to start in the last quarter of 2026. When it goes live, Dominica passport holders will apply online before their first trip, as they already do for the UK. It does not change who is visa-exempt; it adds a screening step. The Entry/Exit System that records border crossings electronically has been in operation since late 2025.

The European question

Regulation (EU) 2025/2441, adopted on 26 November 2025 and in effect since 30 December 2025, amended the EU's visa suspension mechanism so that running an investor citizenship scheme, citizenship granted for payment to people with no genuine link to the country, is now a self-standing ground for suspending visa-free access. In its Eighth Report under that mechanism (COM(2025) 792, 19 December 2025) the Commission named all five Eastern Caribbean programmes as a continuing concern.

In July 2026 the Government of Antigua and Barbuda published its account of a letter dated 25 June 2026 from Commissioner Magnus Brunner, asking the five states to phase out their programmes by 1 June 2028. The Commission has not published the letter and the other four governments have not confirmed the date, so on this page it is reported, not asserted.

◇ What this means today: nothing has been suspended. Schengen access for Dominican passport holders is unchanged, any suspension would need a separate EU decision, and a suspension would remove a travel waiver, not revoke a citizenship already granted. What it does mean is that the Schengen access being sold in 2026 carries a documented regulatory risk that did not exist two years ago. If Europe is the reason you are buying, that belongs in the decision.

China, since 2004

Dominica has held diplomatic relations with China since 2004 and a mutual visa waiver since 2015: 30 days visa-free. Among the Caribbean five only Grenada and Antigua & Barbuda share it.

05

How it ranks against the alternatives

All five Caribbean programmes sell broadly the same document. The table below is the honest version of the comparison: the passports are within twelve destinations of each other, and the meaningful differences are price, processing time and Grenada's E-2 treaty with the United States.

ProgrammeDestinationsFromTimelineRunning since
St Kitts & Nevis157USD 250,0004–6 months1984
Antigua & Barbuda151USD 230,0004–6 months2013
Saint Lucia147USD 240,0006–9 months2015
Grenada146USD 235,0006–9 months2014
Dominica145USD 200,0006–9 months1993

Destination counts follow the Henley Passport Index base (visa-free, visa on arrival and eTA) and vary by index and month. Minimums are the single-applicant donation route after the 2024 OECS harmonisation, which set a common floor of USD 200,000 across the region.

The five are compared route by route in our Caribbean citizenship by investment comparison.

06

How the passport is obtained

Dominica issues its passport to citizens, and citizenship comes by descent, by naturalisation after residence, or through the Dominica citizenship by investment programme, running since 1993 and one of the most process-tested in the industry.

  1. Economic Diversification Fund donation: from USD 200,000 for a single applicant, the floor set by the 2024 OECS harmonisation. Non-refundable.
  2. Approved real estate: from USD 200,000 in a government-approved project, held for at least three years, plus government fees. Our guide to Dominica real estate covers what is actually on sale.
  3. Due diligence and approval by the Citizenship by Investment Unit, with a mandatory interview since 2023: six to nine months from a complete file.

There is no residence requirement at any stage.

07

Who this passport is actually for

It works for

Budget-conscious applicants for whom Schengen, China and the Caribbean are enough; families wanting the cheapest established contingency nationality with no residence obligation; anyone who already has UK access through another document.

It does not work for

Anyone who needs the United Kingdom, the United States or Canada, anyone buying primarily for Schengen access without weighing the EU review, and anyone expecting a passport to change their tax residence on its own. It does not.

08

The questions we get every week

How many countries can I visit visa-free with a Dominica passport?

Around 145 destinations visa-free or visa on arrival according to the Henley Passport Index, ranked 26th, including the Schengen Area, China, Russia, Brazil, Singapore and Hong Kong. Our own list on this page, which also counts territories, runs a little higher.

Can Dominica citizens travel to the UK without a visa?

No. The United Kingdom imposed a visit visa requirement on Dominica nationals on 19 July 2023, citing the citizenship-by-investment programme, and has not restored the waiver. Dominica is the only one of the five Caribbean citizenship-by-investment passports without UK access.

Can I travel to the United States with a Dominica passport?

Not without a visa. Dominica is not in the US Visa Waiver Program and holds no E-2 investor treaty. Canada also requires a visa, though holders of a US permanent resident card are exempt.

Is Schengen access going to be withdrawn?

No decision has been taken. Regulation (EU) 2025/2441, in force since 30 December 2025, made running a citizenship-by-investment programme a self-standing ground for suspending visa-free travel, and the Commission named the five Caribbean programmes in December 2025. A phase-out date of 1 June 2028 has been reported by the Government of Antigua and Barbuda but not confirmed by the Commission. Schengen access is unchanged today.

Can Dominica citizens travel to China without a visa?

Yes, for stays of up to 30 days under the mutual visa waiver. Grenada and Antigua & Barbuda have the same access; St Kitts and Saint Lucia do not.

Why is the Dominica passport the cheapest of the five?

Partly history and partly the United Kingdom: at USD 200,000 it sits on the OECS floor, and it is the only one of the five without UK access, which the market prices in. On every other bloc it matches its sisters.

Do I have to live in Dominica to keep the citizenship?

No. There is no minimum physical presence, either to acquire citizenship or to retain it.